Author: Bagong Nanay

  • Dealing with Grief and Loss: Saying Goodbye to Our Dog Panda

    Dealing with Grief and Loss: Saying Goodbye to Our Dog Panda

    On August 8, we lost a family member—our almost 16-year-old dog, Panda.

    This morning, I caught myself staring at a gaping hole outside our home. It would have been the resting place of our dear Panda,who passed away peacefully in his sleep that day. It’s only been three weeks since he left us, but not a day goes by that we aren’t reminded of him.

    That hole was my husband’s and my attempt to dig a grave for our beloved dog. When we found out that he’s dead at 11AM, our instinct was to dig—under the scorching heat, with the only tools we had at home: a small pick and shovel, and a lot of heart.

    Hello, Panda

    I first met Panda during my then-boyfrend, now husband’s birthday celebration at home back in 2009. He was still a tiny puppy, only a few days old. He had a white fur and black spots, easily, they named him Panda. Since then, we took care of him, and loved him as our family.

    When his sister Pipay died a few years back from slug poisoning, we thought we’d lose Panda too. He showed the same symptoms, but thankfully, we rushed him to the vet at midnight and he was given medicine for his liver.

    When Kevin and I got married and lived in Eastwood, Panda stayed under the care of our tenant in Tandang Sora. We would visit often, usually bringing liempo as his treat. During the pandemic, when our tenant moved out, we took Panda in because he was all alone. Together with our toddler daughter, we survived the lockdown inside our 24-sqm studio unit.

    Our dear Panda.

    We walked him at our condo’s parking lot, as we got our own dose of sunlight and exercise. And when we finally moved to our new home, he had the space to run free again.

    Goodbye, Lolo Panda

    We dug until we reached a rock we just couldn’t break. By then, I was already feeling dizzy, and my husband was drenched in sweat. He took a break from his work, telling his teammates, “I’ll just bury my dog.” My heart broke when I heard him say that. Our kind neighbor saw us and lent us his bigger shovel.

    When Panda died, our instinct was to dig a grave for our dog.

    We took a break for a while because there seems to be no luck in digging anymore. My husband thought, how about we have him cremated?

    On Facebook, we found a pet aftercare provider. When I picked up my daughter from school, I told her what happened. That afternoon, we didn’t play any music during the ride home. We were just quiet.

    They picked up Panda’s remains that same afternoon and gave us a short time to view him before cremation. At around 4 PM, they arrived—just after our 6-year-old daughter saw him and said goodbye.

    By 6 PM, I received a text from telling us we could schedule a viewing at 9 PM. It was an hour’s drive from our home, but it was worth it.

    There, we saw Panda lying on a soft bed surrounded by flowers. Immediately, the tears we’d been holding back poured. It was heartbreaking to say goodbye to the dog who had been with us for nearly 16 years.

    Thank you, Panda.

    When I got pregnant with my first child, Panda knew. He sniffed me often, and appear so clingy because he thought we’d love him less. Whenever he escaped from our house, we’d scour the village non-stop just to find him. I remember looking for him in our village while carrying my three-year-old daughter, holding an umbrella, at noontime. Only to find him resting calmly under a parked truck. He never really left us, but we always feared losing him, because he was family.

    Dealing with the grief of losing a family member

    Reflecting on Panda’s death, here are a few things that help us cope as a family.

    1. Feel your feelings.

    Allowing ourselves to sit with the sadness and grief helped. So did telling others we needed time to grieve. I had to refuse from a task that day because I told them we lost a family member. Digging that grave was our way of processing our emotions together. And being able to see Panda one last time, at peace, helped us prepare to say goodbye.

    2. Talk about him.

    He will never be forgotten. Whenever I see a dog, I think of him. In our home where he was a constant, Panda will always have a special place. Having his ashes with us brings peace—we know he’s still home.

    3. Know that it’s not your fault.

    On the day he died, I was very sorry that I wasn’t able to save him. I cried, and I was guilty that I could’ve done something to extend his life. However, I realized how blessed we are to be able to spend almost 16 years with Panda. We were his only family, and he gave us unconditional love. For that, we will always be grateful.

    Our last family photo, before I gave birth last September

    If love could have saved you, you would have lived forever.

    Run free now, Panda. We love you so much.

    In loving memory of Panda Aladin

    November 2009 – August 8, 2025

    Thank you Precious Paws Aftercare Services for our beautiful send-off to our beloved Panda.

  • Jilianne Roylence Francia: Normalizing Breastfeeding Everywhere

    Jilianne Roylence Francia: Normalizing Breastfeeding Everywhere

    Hi, Bagong Nanay!

    August is National Breastfeeding Awareness Month, that’s why sobrang honored ako to feature the Kuwentong Bagong Nanay of Mommy Jilianne Roylence Francia, the mom behind the local nursing wear brand Valianne’s Trends.

    Mommy Jill and I worked together for Smart Parenting. But before that, when I was still starting my Bagong Nanay online shop, I saw her shop and got insecure why I should start my own, when she is already thriving in the same space. Eventually, we became friends online, and now I am one of Valianne’s Trends mom ambassadors!

    There’s no better person to share about normalizing breastfeeding in public than Mommy Jill. A proud padede mom, she has two daughters, and a baby boy on the way. Here’s how she is helping more moms breastfeed in style, and persevere through the help of products that she lovingly created.

    Why we should normalize breastfeeding in public

    I was a first-time mom in 2018 and I joined breastfeeding communities to get inspiration from other mothers. I try my best to pay it forward to my new mom friends and give them the support they need in their new motherhood journey. I share how it may be hard in the beginning, but it will be worth it.

    However, a few of them still don’t persevere in breastfeeding for a number of reasons. First, they lack of confidence. Second, people around them say they don’t have enough milk. Third, and the hardest, is the societal pressure. Of course, we respect how babies are all fed and we appreciate every new mother’s effort regardless of their choice. Still, I wanted to help normalize breastfeeding because it has been the most rewarding thing I’ve done as a mom. The bond between me and my child is unlike anything else.

    Mommy Jill breastfeeding her second daughter, PV.

    At Valianne’s Trends, we want to share photos and stories of normalizing breastfeeding in public. As a breastfeeding advocate, I want to share my story because I also drew inspiration and strength from the stories of other moms. I believe that if we won’t be brave and consistent in sharing our stories, we might lose the chance to encourage a mom who just needs a spark of hope to keep going.

    How Mommy Jill’s breastfeeding experience evolved

    One thing I am so proud of myself as a mom is that I was able to breastfeed my two children, and I will breastfeed my third child, too. I remember almost giving up when I experienced cracked, bleeding, and sore nipples because of wrong latch. I even unfollowed breastfeeding groups because I thought I couldn’t bear it, but the sleepless nights of educating myself about proper latch all paid off. I’m happy that I did not give up because, right now, my story has become someone’s source of inspiration, too.

    breastfeeding mom pregnant
    Mommy Jill is pregnant with her third child, a boy, and is determined to breastfeed him.

    I want to share to our community that more than just selling clothes, Valianne’s Trends supports them in their breastfeeding journey. We tell them that moms can become confident again after going through hardest days of the postpartum period, or the fourth trimester.

    Breastfeeding is hard work. If you think you can’t, you won’t persevere. Although it’s challenging, it’s a fulfilling journey. When you’re struggling, go back to your ‘why.’

    -Jilianne Roylence Francia

    What helped Mommy Jill in her breastfeeding journey

    Nursing clothes

    Clothes with nursing access has always been a life-changer for me. I remember using nursing cover when breastfeeding in public for the first time and my baby and I weren’t so comfortable with it. It took me a lot of courage to drop the cover and practice wearing our nursing clothes confidently.

    A strong support system.

    Having my elder sister as my number one supporter helped me a lot. She was the one who told me that I have enough milk when I thought I couldn’t produce any.

    The right mindset

    Feed your mind that you can do it. Breastfeeding is hard work. If you think you can’t, you won’t persevere. Although it’s challenging, it’s a fulfilling journey. When you’re struggling, go back to your ‘why.’

    About the Bagong Nanay: I am Mommy Jilianne Roylence Francia from Bacoor, Cavite. I am the Bagong Nanay of QV, PV, and VK. Outside motherhood, I’m a writer, goal-digger, and dreamer.

    Want to share your #KuwentongBagongNanay too? Comment below or send me a DM on Instagram.

  • Why a Bagong Nanay Needs a Scalp Care Day, ASAP

    Why a Bagong Nanay Needs a Scalp Care Day, ASAP

    If you are a new mom and you haven’t tried Meinas’ 7-Step Scalp Treatment, this is your sign to make time for it.

    Hi, Bagong Nanay! Kumusta? Ako, eto, busy-busyhan. Kaka-soft launch ko lang ng bagong business namin sa social media: Laro Tayo Kids! Inflatable and mobile play space rental siya, perfect for playdates, birthday parties, o kahit walang okasyon! Check it out here.

    Speaking of bago, last week, I tried the 7-Step Professional Scalp Treatment at Meinas Scalp Solutions. Kakaopen lang nila ng bagong branch nila sa SM Mall of Asia! May branch rin sila sa SM North EDSA Annex, kaya I tried their scalp treatment for the first time. All I can say is: TRY NIYO RIN.

    Bagong Nanay Reviews: Meinas 7-Step Scalp Treatment

    So yes, I’m here to convince you to try their 7-Step Scalp Treatment for yourself because you deserve it! If you are any or all of these Bagong Nanays, then go for it!

    1. Hindi ka nakakaligo every day.

    Gets kita, Bagong Nanay. Ako rin, before my treatment with Meinas, hindi ako daily naliligo. Ang excuse ko, walang time dahil may baby. Instead na maligo ako, mag-sulat na lang ako itutulog ko nalang. Lalo naman nung first baby ko. Inaabot ako ng 3-4 days na walang liguan, kasi pandemic, nasa condo lang naman kami, at wala kaming helper. Imbis na maligo ako, aalagaan ko nalang yung baby ko.

    Pero did you know that neglecting hygiene is a sign of depression? Iyan ang kinonfirm sa aking ng aking psychologist when I first consulted a professional for my mental health. Especially nung nakita ko kung anong status ng scalp ko dahil hindi ako naliligo, nakakadiri! May fungus, microbes, at chemical residue na pala sa anit ko! Huhu.

    Avail niyo na yung FREE scalp consultation ng MEINAS, and see it for yourself.

    Meinas offers free scalp consultation in their branches, kaya talagang makikita mo yung magiging difference after the treatment. Kaya go mo na ‘yan.

    My first scalp care treatment at MEINAS SM North EDSA Annex.

    2. Grabe ka mag-hairfall.

    Normal ang 50-100 strands of hair fall per day, ayon sa Healthline. Pero kung Bagong Nanay ka, i-expect mo na na mas marami ang hair fall because of postpartum hair loss, lalo na within the first six months after mong manganak.

    Hindi sa nirerecommend ko, pero noong first baby ko, sobra akong napikon sa hair fall ko, kaya nagpakalbo ako. Shinave ni husband ang aking hair. So in short, na-reset ang aking hair, pero that doesn’t mean na healthy ang scalp ko.

    My scalp before and after MEINAS Scalp Treatment!

    After one session at Meinas, naging healthy ang scalp ko! Naglabasan din daw yung small hair na hindi makalabas dahil clogged yung pores. Nakakatuwa.

    3. Kailangan mo ng me-time.

    Well, lahat ng nanay naman need nito. Pero if you are a Bagong Nanay na wala talagang time for yourself, yung 90-minute scalp treatment na wala kang kasamang kids, sobrang nakaka-recharge siya.

    Also, lagi ko sinasabi na need ko ng full-body massage. Pero hindi ko akalain na need ko rin pala ng sobrang malupit na head and scalp massage. First time kong ma-massage ng ganun, sabi nga ng friend ko, langit yung feeling. Parang natanggal lahat ng stress ko sa buhay. Haha.

    With Ms. Jane of Meinas Scalp Solutions

    Sulit siya for its price of P2,980. Meron ding packages where you can save up to P3530 if you buy 5 sessions. I’m telling you, it’s the spa we never knew we needed. And remember: Healthy hair starts with a healthy scalp.

    Visit Meinas at SM North EDSA Annex (Lower Ground), Greenhills Mall (5th Floor), and SM Mall of Asia (2F North Wing Main Mall) or their website here.

    Watch my full video review of Meinas Scalp Treatment on TikTok and Instagram.

  • Why This Organic Milk Brand’s Mommy Meet Up Just Gets It

    Why This Organic Milk Brand’s Mommy Meet Up Just Gets It

    Disclaimer: Breastfeeding is best for babies up to two years and beyond.

    A few weeks back, I received a message on Instagram from the milk brand HiPP Organic Kindermilk Philippines inviting me to its second Mommy Meet Up. They even said I could bring a plus one. In my head, “Naku ha, baka parang networking ito!”

    HiPP Organic Kindermilk is an organic milk formula from Europe that is certified organic and free from chemicals. Personally, my kids haven’t tried formula milk, and I’ve only read about HiPP from mommy groups saying it has the closest taste to breastmilk because it has no sugar!

    I cleared my schedule so I could attend. No kids and husbands allowed. I’d seen posts about their first meet-up and wished I could have gone, but it was in the South. This time, the venue was in Quezon City—just a 40-minute drive from home.

    On the day itself, I almost didn’t make it because of an upset tummy that morning. But I pushed through, and upon arriving at B Hotel, I was greeted by a sea of moms riding the elevator with me. Ang gaganda nila!

    Here’s why I’m so glad I went to the HiPP Mommy Meet Up:

    Bagong Nanay’s HiPP Mommy Meet Up Experience

    Yes, it was indeed a mommy meetup.

    True to their word, they gathered moms for their much-needed time to socialize and make new mama friends. The call time was 11AM, and after registration, we were escorted to a room with booths and snacks. For the next two hours, we simply mingled with other moms, played games, and just enjoyed being unhurried. Read that again: two hours.

    The brand was being fair.

    I’ve been to a lot of brand events, and I could say HiPP’s event was more than just product promotion. They wanted us moms to really know their product–understand it, taste it, learn about it, and yes, earn it. They could’ve easily given each mom a box to take home, but instead, they took the time to share valuable information that made us genuinely want to try it for ourselves.

    Every moment was well-thought-out.

    HiPP didn’t even have to bring in a celebrity. Choosing Mommy Love Cosio to host the event and share her testimony was one of the event’s highlights. Inviting Dr. Joey Cuayo-Estanislao to explain the importance of gut health hit the jackpot. These two powerhouse mamas made the event not just fun, but heartwarming and meaningful. And if you were there, you’ll definitely feel the sincerity of the brand as their leaders mingled with moms from the time the doors opened until the very end.

    It was a day to remember. I hope I could bring all my Bagong Nanays to future meet-ups. Yes, hello, HiPP?

    And oh, I made new mama friends.

    What I loved most about the event was coming alone and going home with new friends. For a while I was able to see the mamas behind the Instagram handles I follow. In between their filming and poses, we exchanged stories about motherhood. It’s refreshing to also tell bits and pieces of my journey to moms I just met, and I got to listen to theirs too. The extrovert in me was very, very happy.

    If I could join every meet-up and bring all my mama friends, I will. That’s how good it is. Thank you for this experience, HiPP!

    Follow HiPP Organic Kindermilk Philippines on Facebook and Instagram and see you at the next Mommy Meet Up!

    Want to invite Bagong Nanay to your event? Email judysantiagoaladin@gmail.com or send me a message on IG: @bagongnanay. Thank you!

  • Breastfeeding and Mental Health: Key Insights for Bagong Nanays

    Breastfeeding and Mental Health: Key Insights for Bagong Nanays

    Hi, Bagong Nanay!

    Kumusta? Ako, okay lang naman. Malapit na mag-1 year old ang aking baby boy. Kaninang umaga, nag-declutter ako ng mga gamit niya–mga damit na pinagliitan at mga hand-me-downs from friends na ready na akong i-pass on to another Bagong Nanay. If you are interested in hand-me-down Bagong Nanay items, send me a message on the Bagong Nanay Viber group here.

    Kahapon, August 6, nag-join ako sa isang online seminar about nurturing the mental health of breastfeeding mothers.

    Source: Facebook /Philippine Society of Newborn Medicine

    The Mother and Baby Dialogues Series 5 is spearheaded by the Philippine Society of Newborn Medicine, Inc. Council on Advocacy and Service Programs, Committee on Breastfeeding, in collaboration with Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS), Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (POGS), Perinatal Association of the Philippines, and Victoriano Luna General Hospital.

    Bilang isang breastfeeding mom and maternal mental health advocate, narito ang mga natutunan ko.

    Takeaways from Breastfeeding and Mental Health Seminar

    1. Educate yourself.

    Knowledge is power, ika nga. Kahit buntis pa lamang, mahalagang tayo ay may kusa na mag-aral tungkol sa ating papasuking buhay nanay.

    Gaya na lamang ng salitang “postpartum.” Maraming nanay ang nagsasabi na “parang may postpartum ako.” Ayon kay Dr. Bianca Katrina Villanueva, isang OB-GYN at breastfeeding specialist, lahat ng nanay na bagong panganak ay dadating sa “postpartum” period. Kaya hindi nangangahulugang may depression agad ang isang bagong nanay.

    May mnemonic para malaman kung may sintomas ang isang nanay ng postpartum depression o PPD: M-O-T-H-E-R: Mood changes, lOss of interest, Trouble sleeping, Heartache, Eating problems, and bRain fog.

    Screenshot from Zoom /Mother and Baby Dialogues Series 5

    Ayon naman kay Dr. Joffrey Sebastian Quiring, isang psychologist, mahalagang aware ang mga nanay, kahit buntis pa lamang, kung ano ang mga sintomas ng postpartum depression at kung anong kaibahan nito sa baby blues.

    Kung ang nanay ay nakakaramdam ng kalungkutan ng mahabang panahon at hindi na makapag-function gaya ng pag-aalaga sa bata o gawain sa bahay, maiging kumonsulta na sa doktor. Lalo na kung may mga sintomas na ito na nakakaalarma, gaya ng gustong saktan ang sarili o ang baby. Ito ay mga red flags na dapat maagapan at maikonsulta na sa doktor. Kung may nararamdaman na o hirap ang buong pamilya sa pag-aalaga, maaaring banggitin na ito sa OB-GYN o sa pediatrician para ma-refer sa espesyalista.

    2. Communication is key.

    Hinihikayat naman ni Dr. Abegail Joy Corro-De Pano na during the first postpartum check-up, kausapin nila ang kanilang doktor for any concerns about breastfeeding or latching. She reminds that it really takes a village to help a mom breastfeed. Dapat may support system sa bahay gaya ng asawa, kapamilya. Malaking bagay rin ang magagawa ng pagkakaroon ng me-time at pag-observe ng proper nutrition. Ika niya, kung happy ang mommy, happy ang baby.

    Ayon naman kay Dr. Rene Andrew Bucu na isa ring tatay, huwag balewalain ang tulong ng asawa bilang support system ng bagong nanay. “Communication is key. Dapat parehong magulang ay gustong mag-breastfeed,” sabi niya. Kuwento niya, kahit na mag-asawa silang doktor (OB-GYN ang kanyang misis), hindi pa rin naging madali sa kanila ang breastfeeding.

    Para naman sa mga tatay, bilin ni Dr. Bucu, “Do whatever is possible to help your wife breastfeed – change diapers, household work, masahe, o kahit ano pa. Happy mommy, happy baby, magiging happy daddy.” Inemphasize niya na ‘super worth it’ ang mag-push through with breastfeeding kaya kung may nararanasang hirap, humingi ng tulong.

    Mahalaga rin daw na naicocommunicate ng asawa ang pangangailangan ng bawat isa. Para naman kay Vickie Rushton, isang aktres, beauty queen, at bagong nanay na halos dalawang taon na sa pag-breastfeed ng kanyang anak, sapat na ang presence ng kanyang asawa at assurance na tama yung ginagawa mo.

    Diin ni Dr. Corro-De Pano, husbands really need someone to tell them what they need to do.

    3. Adopt a healthy lifestyle.

    Studies show that breastfeeding decreases the risk of depression among new mothers. Dahil nga naman sa breastfeeding, once you get the hang of it, mas makakatulog na ng mahaba ang nanay dahil imbis na gumising para magtimpla ng gatas sa gabi eh pwede naman ang side-lying.

    Pero meron ding mga pag-aaral na nagpapakita na ang pag-struggle naman sa breastfeeding ay nagiging cause ng anxiety and depression among new mothers. Dagdag pa rito, kapag raw nakararanas ng depression ang bagong nanay, nakakaapekto ito sa milk supply niya.

    Kaya mahalaga na mayroon physical and emotional support ang bagong nanay. Ayon kay Dr. Quiring, ang PPD ay masosolusyunan at hindi pang-habang buhay. Maaaring tumawag sa crisis hotlines ang mga nanay na nakakaranas ng sintomas ng depression, at maari ring magpatingin sa psychiatrist. Hindi nangangahulugan na kung may depression ay kailangan nang uminom ng medications, dahil iba-iba naman ang kaso. May mga iba pang interventions gaya ng talk therapy o family therapy.

    “Commit to the journey. The benefits outweigh all the difficulties.” Dr. Rene Andrew Bucu

    Inemphasize din niya na huwag balewalain ang healthy lifestyle, gaya ng pagkakaroon ng sapat na tulog, pahinga, at pagkakaroon ng physical activity.

    Panawagan naman ni Dr. Villanueva sa mga OB-GYN, sana raw bago pa manganak ang mga nanay ay makatanggap ito ng antenatal education and care. Kasama dito ang pag-alam kung ano ang dapat i-expect tungkol sa breastfeeding, sino ang makakasama ng ina pagkapanganak, at iba pa.

    Malaking bagay din daw kung maiwasan ang PPD lalo na kung madedetermine kung at risk ang nanay habang buntis pa lamang ito. Mahalaga rin ang pagkakaroon ng regular na screening para sa PPD ang mga bagong nanay.

    4. Use social media as a force for good.

    Tinalakay din kung paano nakakaapekto ang social media sa mga bagong nanay. May nagsabi na puro ingay lang daw ang social media dahil sa mga “perfect mom” na pinoportray ng iba sa Facebook at Instagram. Pero ayon kay Vickie, dahil buo ang loob niya na mag-breastfeed simula pa lamang, hindi siya naapektuhan ng nakikita niya sa social media. Si Dra. Villanueva din, na madalas makakita ng iba’t-ibang posts ng breastfeeding dahil sa algorithm ng social media, na-motivate daw siyang mag-breastfeed lalo na pag nakakabasa siya ng success stories about breastfeeding.

    Diin naman ni Dr. Bucu, naglipana ang mga article sa social media na may click-bait headline, dahilan minsan kung bakit ang ibang nanay ay nawawalan ng kumpiyansa sa pag-breastfeed, “Learn how to make social media a force of good,” sabi niya.

    Final words

    Para sa mga Bagong Nanay na nagpapadede, kung may nararanasan kayong hirap, ask help agad kasi may solusyon. Kapag pinatagal natin, lalong lalala.

    Sana po sa simula ng breastfeeding ay walang judgment dahil ang mga nanay ay lunod na sa paghuhusga sa sarili.

    Maigi raw na magpatuloy na magpadede up to 2 years and beyond. Huwag lang kalimutang alagaan ang sarili — our children deserve moms and dads who are healthy mentally and physically.

    Ang ina raw ay ilaw ng tahanan, pero kung may mental health problem, nagiging madilim ang bahay. Strengthen the support system. Let’s raise the children and mother together. Bukas ang mga doktor kung may kailangang tulong. Tanggalin ang stigma, at huwag mahiyang mag-ask for help.

    Dr. Bucu emphasizes, “Commit to the journey. The benefits outweigh all the difficulties.”

    Kay Dr. Quiring naman, pinaalala niya na there’s no health without mental health. “No man is an island. We are here to help families and influence systems.”

    Paalala naman ni Vickie, “just add water.” Payo niya sa mga nanay, drink lots of water at maligo.

    Finally, sabi ng mga doktor na ang village ng isang bagong nanay ay extended sa workplace. Sana mas palawakin pa ng mga kumpanya ang pag-intindi sa mga nanay na bagong panganak para mas mapagtagumpayan nila ang breastfeeding.

    Maraming salamat, doctors, sa pagbibigay halaga sa mga Bagong Nanay. Para sa mga Bagong Nanay na nangangailangan ng kausap, join kayo sa Viber group namin. If you are in crisis, call NCMH Crisis Hotlines: (02) 1553 (Luzon landline), 0917-899-8727 (Globe), or 0908-639-2672 (Smart).

    Nakaranas din ako ng postpartum depression bilang isang first-time mom sa panahon ng COVID-19 pandemic. Watch my interview with Beacon here.

  • Roanne Duran-Pascual: Raising a Reader

    Roanne Duran-Pascual: Raising a Reader

    Hi, Bagong Nanay!

    July is National Children’s Book Month, kaya naman I asked a fellow Bagong Nanay to share how she’s raising her toddler son to develop a love for reading.

    I remember interviewing an Ivy League professor and author Gregory W. Slayton, and he shared that children learn how to make sense of the world through reading. He boldly said, “You cannot be a leader if you are not a reader.” No pressure naman sa ating mga nanay, kasi sabi naman niya, even if you are not a great reader yourself, at least, help your child to love reading because it’s through it that they understand how the world works.

    So for our first #KuwentongBagongNanay since our re-launch, I asked my good friend Roanne Duran-Pascual to share tips and book recommendations for parents. Roanne is one of the greatest storytellers I know. ‘Yung tipong kapag nagkuwento siya, feeling mo nandun ka sa pangyayari, ganun ka-vivid. I believe it’s because she reads and writes a lot. That’s why when she became a Nanay, I know she’ll enjoy telling her son stories, and nurturing his love for reading too.

    roanne duran pascual
    Roanne and her son Noah. Courtesy of Roanne Duran-Pascual

    Kaya wala nang patumpik-tumpik pa, here’s how Roanne raises her son to be a reader and a leader. In her words, she’s a Bagong Nanay who is ‘living the prayer, and learning every day.’

    Read on, and share this with another Bagong Nanay.

    Why raise your child to be a reader, according to a reading mama

    I strive to raise a reader because, first, reading opens up a limitless world—and books are passports that take my son to places we never could. I love how books allow him to see, hear, and feel things beyond his everyday experience. How his imagination expands with every new character he meets and new adventure he takes on. This is particularly crucial during children’s foundational years (0-3yo), when their brains are developing at lightning speed. Which brings me to my second reason. 

    Studies have proven a wide range of benefits of reading to child development. From cognitive and communication skills, to focus and critical thinking. Kids learn faster, comprehend better, and analyse sharper. Of course, we can teach all these skills in other ways, but if we can nurture them all just from one regular activity, isn’t that a big win for us parents?

    Reading is one of the best ways to learn empathy.

    -Roanne Duran-Pascual

    Third, and most importantly for me, I want my son to grow up recognizing and respecting others who are different from him. To hear voices and feel experiences other than his own. Reading is one of the best ways to learn empathy. Like why Rainbow Fish won’t give up any of his shiny scales, or how happy Giraffe felt when Porcupine knitted him a scarf—simple stories allow him to learn others’ struggles and emotions.

    Little Noah and his book. Courtesy of Roanne Duran-Pascual

    He may not fully show these traits now, but it’s never too early to teach him compassion, kindness, and seeing the world through the eyes of others.

    How to raise a reader: 3 practical tips

    Be consistent.

    I know, it’s hard for us parents who have endless to-do lists and barely half a brain to keep up with routines. So choose at least just one part of your kid’s day and dedicate that time for reading. It could be before bedtime, after shower, first thing in the morning—whichever works best for you and your kid. It doesn’t have to be long, even just 15 minutes of fully present time, every day, makes a huge difference in the long run. Consistency is key.

    Make it accessible.

    Have books within their reach as much as possible. (Yes, there will be book casualties, but trust me–it’s worth it). If you can, get a toddler shelf so they can pull out books anytime they want (there are pretty decent ones in Lazada/Shopee that are less than P1,000).

    Books don’t have to be expensive. Check with other parents if they have hand-me-downs. Second-hand bookstores are also great places to score affordable gems.

    Roanne Duran-Pascual

    If that’s not an option, just set up a cozy corner with a pile of their books. We also usually leave books lying around in bed, which he can pick up when he wakes up before we do; and we always pack a book in our baby bag as the default “toy” when we go out.

    Make it fun.

    Reading should be something they enjoy, not earned or dreaded. Avoid associating reading with rewards, punishments, or chores. Make it as normal as eating and playing. Bonus: let them see you reading yourself and finding joy in it. 

    little boy with book shelf behind
    Noah: Happy reader here! Courtesy of Roanne Duran-Pascual

    Book and author recommendations

    Noah’s turning two in October and these are the books he engaged well and clearly picked up most from.

    Dr. Seuss beginner books

    They use simple, repetitive words, and catchy rhyme and rhythm. These help kids learn and memorize words more easily, boosting their confidence and encouraging them to read more.

    Adarna board books

    Books from Adarna House are best in introducing age-appropriate concepts in Filipino, like body parts, family members, and food. I especially love their series on Filipino values and mabuting asal.

    Sandra Boynton and Eric Carle books

    Both are engaging series. Boynton’s are short and humorous, often in sing-song patterns, making them super fun to read. Carle’s have vibrant and engaging illustrations with subtle lessons embedded in stories. 

    There are so many wonderful books out there, so feel free to discover what your child enjoys most. And remember, books don’t have to be expensive. Big tip: check with other parents (friends, mommy/daddy groups, online declutter pages) if they have any hand-me-downs. Second-hand bookstores are also great places to score affordable gems.

    About the Bagong Nanay: I am Roanne Duran-Pascual from Marikina City. I am the Bagong Nanay of Noah, 1 year and 9 months. Outside motherhood, I’m a storyteller and development worker, who dreams of opening her own bookstore one day.

    Want to share your #KuwentongBagongNanay too? Comment below or send me a DM on Instagram.

  • This Malunggay Juice for Padede Moms has Collagen, Glutathione, and More!

    This Malunggay Juice for Padede Moms has Collagen, Glutathione, and More!

    Pero masarap kaya?

    Hi, Bagong Nanay!

    Kumusta? Ako, okay naman. As a full-time breastfeeding mom for 10 months now (total of almost five years), I’m always on the lookout for breastmilk boosters. Hindi kasi madali magpadede, kaya kailangan natin ng tulong.

    Nasubukan ko na ata most of the malunggay products in the market. Naging reseller din ako during the pandemic ng mga breastfeeding supplements. Fan na fan ako ng malunggay simula high school, kasi isa yan sa naging research topics namin. Haha. Studies also showed that malunggay helps increase breastmilk supply among mothers.

    Kaya when I came across a mom’s post on Threads, saying, she and her husband made their own blend of malunggay drink for postpartum recovery and lactation, talagang nag-mental note ako na itatry ko ito. Plus, it is FDA-approved, so it’s a go.

    Bagong Nanay Reviews: Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Drink

    So I spoke with Mommy Ara, the mom behind Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Drink on Instagram. Kuwento niya, she and her friends came up with the formulation, and she’s very happy and proud of her product. Sila ni husband niya rin ang nagpapack ng orders and nagbebenta, so super inspiring!

    I bought a sampler pack on her TikTok shop, and received it the next day. A sampler pack has two sachets, and it costs P60.

    cuddle and coo malunggay and acai berry juice
    My 6-year-old Lia poses with our Bagong Nanay haul

    Taste test

    Siyempre, family affair ang pag-try namin sa bagong malunggay drink na ito. Si Tatay Kevin kasi, natuwa na merong ingredient na collagen for his joints. Si Lia naman, gusto itry dahil mahilig siya sa juice. Tinry muna namin with cold water and ice, and it’s a treat.

    cuddle and coo malunggay and acai berry juice
    Packaging of Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Juice sampler pack

    “Lasang berry,” sabi ni Tatay. “It’s so yummy,” naman ang sabi ng aking 6-year-old. For me, masarap siya! Hindi mo agad malalasahan yung malunggay, which sometimes would come off as too herby or strong at aayawan ng iba. Ito, mas berry siya than herby kaya masarap at madali siyang inumin.

    Effective ba sa padede mom?

    Before bedtime, tinry ko naman ang hot version ng drink. Dito magkakaalaman, kasi first day ng aking menstrual period. According to doctors, may effect talaga ang period sa milk supply. Dahil sa changes in hormones, naaaffect nito ang breastmilk supply kaya naman perfect timing ang pag-inom ko ng aking malunggay juice.

    mug with cuddle and coo malunggay and acai berry juice
    My padede mug with hot Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Juice

    Nakailang feeds ang aking baby throughout the night, at nasatisfy ko naman siya. Though I couldn’t prove na yung isang tasa ng malunggay juice ang nakatulong, I must say I wanted to try more para maprove ko na it really helps increase breastmilk supply.

    The verdict

    For its price of P30 per serving, iisipin mo agad na medyo pricey siya compared sa competitors niya. Pero when you look at its active ingredients kasi, you’ll realize na sobrang sulit niya.

    Aside from malunggay, it has marshmallow root (rich in antioxidants), fernblock (immune system support), milk thistle (prolactin like moringa), goji berry (fiber), collagen (skin elasticity), and L-glutathione (reduced oxidative stress). It’s sweetened by Stevia!

    Dahil siksik sa nutrients with a very refreshing taste ang Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Juice Drink, I highly recommend it to all Bagong Nanays!

    Buy Cuddle and Coo Malunggay and Acai Berry Juice on TikTok or chat with them on Instagram.

  • A Breastfeeding Cover with Built-in Fan? Take My Money

    A Breastfeeding Cover with Built-in Fan? Take My Money

    Hi, Bagong Nanay!

    Kumusta? So habang nagpapadede ako sa gabi, I came across this ad on Instagram, and I thought it was genius. I tried it, and here’s what I think.

    Full disclosure: Hindi ako fan ng nursing covers. Nawala ko kasi yung nag-iisang nursing cover na hand-me-down sa akin ng friend ko. So since then, hindi na ako bumili (as a matipid na mommy). Thinking, bakit kailangan kong takpan? We should normalize breastfeeding in public, yan ang naging mantra ko.

    Also, madami na rin namang mga breastfeeding-friendly clothes, na nag-adjust for you. Tipong hindi mo na kailangang itaas ang buong t-shirt mo para lang maka-dede si baby. Mas bet ko yun, for the reason na mas efficient siya, dahil hindi ito mawawala gaya nang sinapit ng nursing cover ko.

    However, medyo game-changer itong si Cuddle Baby. Ang claim to fame niya is that it’s a nursing cover with an integrated cooling fan, perfect nga naman for the Philippine weather. That’s why I gave it a try with my 10-month-old baby, and here’s our verdict.

    Cuddle Baby Nursing Cover with Fan Review

    1. Perfect siya for infants and even big babies.

    Especially for the early months, mga first six months of breastfeeding, perfect ito, because it not only gives the mom privacy, but also comfort to the baby. Ito yung nursing cover na dadalhin mo during pedia check-ups and routine vaccines. Yung magagamit mo pag wala kang choice but to bring your baby in public places.

    Medyo malaki na kasi ang aking baby boy, he’s 10 months old, pero kasyang-kasya pa din siya sa loob ng nursing cover.

    using the nursing cover with fan with baby
    Ang saya at kalmado niya sa loob. Hehe

    “Bakit hindi nalang mag-Jisulife?” Pwede naman, but that will keep your hand busy, compared dito sa Cuddle Baby na built-in na yung fan. Secured ang fan with straps, at masinsin yung pagkakagawa. Yayakapin mo nalang si baby.

    cuddle baby nursing cover with fan
    Secured ang fan sa loob.

    Ramdam ko that Cuddle Baby was created with the best intentions to keep the baby cool and comfortable while nursing. So confirmed, it delivered its promise.

    2. It’s a pinag-isipang baby shower gift.

    I’m the kind of person who gives gifts for the moms tuwing baby shower. Give ko na sa ibang tao yung toka na magregalo for the baby, but I make sure that my gift is always for the mom-to-be. I remember giving these gifts to my expecting mom friends: a comfy set of pajamas, breastfeeding tops, and malunggay supplements. More than ever, need ng padede moms ng support.

    Cuddle Baby now adds to my list of pinag-isipan and walang-kaparehong gifts for moms-to-be. Sobrang ma-a-appreciate nila ito. Just choose among the three colors of the nursing cover, para mas tailor-fit kay mommy: there’s pink, green, and beige.

    mom trying out cuddle baby nursing cover with fan
    Wearing the Cuddle Baby nursing cover with fan

    Nakaka-proud i-gift yung ganito because you are also supporting a starting mom-led business vs. a booming multinational company, hehe.

    3. Sulit for its price.

    At its introductory price of P1,299, you would think ang pricey niya for a nursing cover. But when you see the actual product, sulit siya because of the materials – hindi tinipid and it’s lovingly made. The nursing cover is made of muslin cloth, which is lightweight at hindi mainit. The cooling fan looks like it’s good quality, and even has the cute Cuddle Baby branding.

    cuddle baby nursing cover with fan
    Here’s the fan that comes with the nursing cover.

    Hindi mukhang cheap, at ang ganda din ng pagkakatahi nung mga straps to keep the fan in place. Kumbaga, kita mong pinag-isipan at tinest ng madaming beses before they came up with the final product. Plus, it comes with a handy pouch para ipapasok mo nalang sa baby bag.

    cuddle baby nursing cover with fan
    Cute pouch!

    Not to mention that keeping your baby cool while breastfeeding is priceless. Yung natanggal mo na sa list of iisipin mo kung naiinitan ba siya or nakakahinga pa siya sa loob. Sus, take my money!

    Best of all, it can be handed down to a mama friend, like how I received my first nursing cover, so sulit talaga siya for its price.

    Bagong Nanay’s verdict on Cuddle Baby

    For its price, design, and quality, I recommend Cuddle Baby for every Bagong Nanay who plans to and is breastfeeding their child. It’s a great baby shower gift for both mom and baby, and it’s made with the best intentions. This product makes a mom’s breastfeeding journey lighter (and cooler!) kaya naman we need support these kinds of products para mas tumagal pa and mas madami pang moms ang makagamit nito.

    Kasi aside from making sure na cool and comfy si baby while breastfeeding, it also gives mom the confidence to wear any top she likes without having to sacrifice her style. Take it from me, na paulit-ulit na naka-breastfeeding clothes lang pag umaalis ng bahay. This nursing cover gives mom the ability to wear whatever top she likes, kasi sagot na ng Cuddle Baby yung privacy.

    BAGONG NANAY SPECIAL PROMO: Mention niyo lang that you’ve learned about Cuddle Baby through Bagong Nanay, and you can purchase the item for their introductory price of P1,299. That’s less P200 of the regular price of P1,499. Yes – a promo exclusive to Bagong Nanay.

    Shop Cuddle Baby’s Nursing Cover with Fan on Instagram or through their website.

  • Why Smurfs Movie Hits Hard as a Nanay

    Why Smurfs Movie Hits Hard as a Nanay

    For Bagong Nanay’s first gig, my daughter and I were invited to the Blue Carpet Screening of the Smurfs movie at the Gateway Cineplex 18. It was our first time to watch a movie at Gateway Mall in Cubao, and we had an amazing experience.

    Smurfs Movie (2025) Review

    Without spoiling too many details, Smurfs movie delivered the fun and good vibes for kids, and the lessons and message for parents. Here are some of my takeaways from the movie, whether you plan to watch it or not.

    smurf movie 2025 review
    Bagong Nanay at the Blue Carpet Screening of Smurfs at Gateway Cineplex 18

    1. It speaks to moms about the identity we lose to motherhood.

    The first few minutes shows the first dilemma of the movie, where No Name wonders why he doesn’t have a thing that sets him apart from all the other Smurfs in the Village. To him, it seems like everyone has their own identity—there’s a Worrier Smurf, a Sound Effects Smurf, a Grumpy Smurf, among others. He feels frustrated and thinks he’s nothing special because of that.

    As a mom, and I admit it, I sometimes feel like I don’t know myself anymore, especially when I can’t tie myself to a career or anything apart from motherhood. Life as a mom seems like it’s always on survival mode. Yet when we finally realize that our identity as a mom is actually irreplaceable, things just feel better.

    Take it from the superstar and soon-to-be mom of three, Rihanna, who voiced Smurfette in the film.

    2. Our past doesn’t define us nor our present.

    Smurfette reminds us of this truth, that what happened to us in the past doesn’t define what will happen to us in the future. If we come from a broken family, it doesn’t always follow that we’ll have a broken family too. There’s power in rising and overcoming, and from what the movie showed, we can use our scars and wounds from the past as motivation to be better.

    smurfette is rihanna
    Smurfette is Rihanna at Smurfs 2025 movie!

    3. There’s power in coming together.

    Just like how moms help each other when they have questions about their children’s health, school, or milestones, the Smurfs were stronger when they worked together to battle the dark forces. The movie shows that alone, we can only do so much, but if we put our heads and our hearts together, we can move mountains.

    Moms may feel like every struggle they encounter each day is hard, but asking for help already makes the load a little lighter. I read somewhere that a mom needs at least one person whom she can be transparent with about her thoughts and feelings so she can thrive. If you don’t have this yet, maybe you can find it in a support group like the Bagong Nanay Community. Moms love to help their fellow moms because they are paying forward the help they once received.

    Smurfs Lessons for Kids

    As for my 6-year-old daughter, she shared that she learned about the importance of telling the truth instead of lying, as well as the value of friendship.

    smurfs movie screening kids
    My almost 6-year-old Lia at the Smurfs movie advanced screening

    Smurfs is rated PG (Parental Guidance), and there are a lot of opportunities to teach your child lessons about honesty, trust, and self-worth throughout the movie. I highly recommend it for a one-on-one movie date with your child, or for a feel-good family movie time.

    Smurfs is showing in theaters on July 16, 2025. Watch the trailer here.

    Have you watched Smurfs? What do you think about it? Comment below!

  • OMG, Bagong Nanay is back! What to expect

    OMG, Bagong Nanay is back! What to expect

    After a three-year hiatus, Bagong Nanay is back for the best, and for good.

    “It’s for the best, for now.”

    ‘Yan na lang ang naisip ko nung nag-decide ako mag-resign from my job as a Section Editor of Smart Parenting. Yes, halos four years in total din ako sa SP. Nagsimula as a community member, naging contest finalist, mom ambassador, contributing writer, hanggang sa inofferan ako ng full-time job as a Senior Staff Writer. Bago nun, two years akong unemployed dahil nagpaka-Bagong Nanay ako sa panganay kong anak na si Lia. Ngayon, may isa pa akong baby, si Titus. 10 months old na siya, which means Bagong Nanay ako all over again.

    lia and titus
    Lia (6) and Titus (<1)

    How Bagong Nanay started (recap lang)

    Ilang araw nalang, my firstborn will be turning six. Nakaka-senti kasi parang kahapon lang nung nag-break yung water bag ko at pumunta kami ni husband ng ospital, thinking baka hindi pa naman time. 33 weeks, 5 days palang kasi siya noon. Eh, sabi ng BabyCenter app, at least 34 weeks sana ang baby bago lumabas para ma-develop fully yung lungs niya. So ayun, nag-stay ng 3 days sa loob ng tiyan ko si Lia, until in-emergency C-section na ako ng aking OB-GYN na si Tita Ana Villaraza na kilala rin bilang si Dra. V sa Capitol Medical Center dahil ubos na ang aking amniotic fluid.

    Si Lia, na dati ay 1.5kg lang noong lumabas, ay isang matalino at madaldal na Grade 1 student na. Ang bilis lang ng panahon. Kaya sabi ko, mabilis lang din naman lalaki si Titus, kaya susulitin ko na muna habang baby pa siya. Focus muna ako sa kanilang dalawa, at habang nasa school si Lia at nap time naman nung isa, makakasulat ako dito sa Bagong Nanay blog na sinimulan ko noong pang 2019. Naaalala ko pa, nasa shower ako noon, maternity leave ko. Hirap na hirap ako bilang first-time mom na nakabukod sa pamilya. Nakatira kami ni husband sa condo sa Quezon City, at walang ibang kasama. Sabi ko, “What if gumawa ako ng Instagram page kung saan pwedeng mag-crowdsource ng mga tanong about parenting? Tapos ako, bilang may communications background ako, icoconsolidate ko into a blog post para mas madaming makabasa at ma-share nila?”

    What is Bagong Nanay?

    So Bagong Nanay was born. Eventually, bilang unemployed ako nitong time na ito at pandemic, naisipan kong mag-try magbenta ng malunggay supplements. Ang lakas ng benta ko noon! Pano, ang business plan ko kasi ay mag-ship as needed ng mga malunggay tea and coffee, patok sa mga bagong panganak. Tipong nasa ospital pa sila, oorder sila at ipapadala ko ura-urada via Grab Express or Lalamove yung orders nila. Bilang gising ako halos buong araw, anytime delivery din ako. Kahit alas-5 ng umaga at kailangan nila ng pampalakas ng gatas, o gabi dahil yun lang ang time na pwede silang makalabas ng bahay, game ako.

    bagong nanay
    Bagong Nanay, created in 2019

    Gumawa din ako ng Viber group kung saan mga Bagong Nanay in different seasons of life ang members. Dito, free sila magtanong at mag-usap about anything under the sun. Pero nagsilakihan na din ang mga anak nila, kaya medyo naging inactive na ito. Nasa 90+ members ang Viber group, pero legit na mga nanay ito dahil by invitation link lang ang pag-join. Walang bots allowed.

    Bakit may Bagong Nanay ulit?

    Nag-resign ako sa SP dahil may company policy kami na two days report to office per week. Hindi ako maka-keep up dito dahil 1) hindi ko maiwan ang baby ko dahil breastfeeding kami at clingy siya; 2) ang layo ng office namin sa Mandaluyong, taga-Novaliches kami. Sabi ko, it’s for the best for now. Babalik nalang ako pag kaya ko na, dahil unfair din naman sa mga ka-officemate ko kung ako lang ang naka-work from home at sila ay pumapasok sa office. It’s the best for now because lahat ng oras at atensyon ko ay nakatuon sa aking mga maliliit na anak muna. Makakabalik din si Nanay sa work niya.

    Long story short, gusto ko lang ituloy ang aking pagsusulat at pagiging nanay kaya binuhay ko ulit ang Bagong Nanay. Marami nga lang magbabago, kasi siyempre, natuto na tayo sa mga needs ng mga nanay. Naisip ko, sa dami ng mga content sa social media, ano ba ang kailangan nilang makita at mabasa? Bakit ako dadagdag pa sa mga isipin nila?

    New and improved Bagong Nanay 2.0

    As a Bagong Nanay of two, heto ang mga naisip kong magiging laman ng Bagong Nanay blog na ito at ng social media accounts natin.

    bagong nanay logo
    Bagong Nanay, new logo for 2025 relaunch

    Dati, Bagong Nanay served as a community of new and first-time moms, Bagong Nanay 2.0 is a safe space for mothers and their stories.

    Kuwentong Bagong Nanay

    Sa mundo na puno ng Chatgpt or AI-generated content, magpapakatao tayo. Ang kuwento ng bawat nanay ang bida dito. Tuloy pa rin ang mga Kuwentong Bagong Nanay, na sana one Nanay per week. May kuwentong Bagong Nanay ka ba? Send me a message and I will reach out to you. Read our past features:

    Bagong Nanay Reviews

    Sa TikTok kung saan madaming nabubudol, tutulong tayo to make informed decisions. Tuloy pa rin ang Bagong Nanay Reviews, kung saan itetest ko personally ang mga bago o existing brands in a comprehensive article for every mom’s reference.

    Bagong Nanay and her Biz

    Bago naman ang Bagong Nanay and her Biz, kung saan iffeature ko ang mga mompreneurs at ang kanilang mga locally-made products for support and empowerment. (Haha, parang wordplay pala ng Beauty and the Beast, LOL). Open din ang Bagong Nanay for consignment or affiliate marketing! If you have a biz, hit me up at isulat natin yan.

    Bagong Nanay Things

    Eto ang excited ako. Gagawa ako ng isang page dito sa website kung saan makaka-download ang mga new moms ng mga files gaya ng proven and tested hospital bag checklist, postpartum depression test, at marami pang guides and how-tos. Syempre, para pa din ang lahat ng ito sa mga literal na Bagong Nanay.

    Sa social media naman, expect affirmations, questions, and giveaways. Buhay pa rin ang Viber group natin, in case may gustong mag-join. Madami nang natulungan ang group to source breastmilk, brand recommendations, at event promotions. Active din ako sa Threads, kung andun din kayo.

    Hanggang dito muna ang ire-reveal ko. Pero everything is possible with Bagong Nanay. Wala tayong hierarchy at burokrasiya dito, so feel free to share your thoughts on how we can help each other sa season na ito. Open ako diyan.

    It’s for the best, for now.

    Thank you sa pagbabasa, Bagong Nanay. It’s an honor to exist and write for you.

    Love,

    Nanay Judy

    PS. Bagong Nanay is also a tribute to Dr. Maria Ana G. Villaraza, my dear tita and OB-GYN, who passed away in April 2024. May she rest in peace.

    PPS. Sending a gift to Nanay Kyla Abrenilla Magbag (ky.mgbg) for commenting on my recent post. Yey!

    Follow Bagong Nanay on Instagram, Facebook, and Threads for updates. Join our Viber group here.